Chapter 11 Vocab
Genetics-the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms
True-breeding- organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves.
Trait-a distinguishing characteristic or quality
Hybrid-a person produced by the interaction or crossbreeding of two unlike cultures, traditions, etc.http://www.mansfieldct.org/schools/MMS/staff/hand/genstudentstuff.htm
Gene-A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.
Allele-One member of a pair or series of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome. http://biology.about.com/od/geneticsglossary/g/alleles.htm
Segregation-the separation of allelic genes into different gametes during meiosis.
Gamete-a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0008016.html
Punnett Square- in genetics, a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross. http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html
Homozygous-Relating to a cell that has two identical alleles for a particular trait at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes. http://biology.about.com/bldefhomozyg.htm
Heterozygous-Relating to a cell that has two different alleles at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes. http://biology.about.com/bldefhetzyg.htm
Phenotype- the appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment. http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/BioInfo/SD.Geno.HP.html
Genotype-the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits. http://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Genotype
Homologous-Similar in structure and evolutionary origin, though not necessarily in function, as the flippers of a seal and the hands of a human.
Diploid-having two similar complements of chromosomes http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diploid
Haploid-an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, ordinarily half the normal diploid number. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Haploid
Tetrad-a group of four chromatids formed by synapsis at the beginning of meiosis. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061030200732AAJD3T4
Crossing-Over-The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis and contributes to genetic variability. http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/comeiosis.html
Gene Map-A graphic representation of the arrangement of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22827585/
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